If you purchase this report now and we update it in new 100 days, get it free!
List of Figures:
Figure 1. Research Method Flow Chart 13
Figure 2. Breakdown of Primary Research 15
Figure 3. Bottom-up Approach and Top-down Approach for Market Estimation 17
Figure 4. Global Market Forecast in Optimistic, Conservative and Balanced Perspectives, 2021-2030 19
Figure 5. Global B2B E-commerce Market, 2019-2030, $ bn 22
Figure 6. The Role of B2B E-commerce in Global Business Chain 23
Figure 7. Impact of COVID-19 on Business 29
Figure 8. Primary Drivers and Impact Factors of Global B2B E-commerce Market 33
Figure 9. Primary Restraints and Impact Factors of Global B2B E-commerce Market 36
Figure 10. Investment Opportunity Analysis 40
Figure 11. Porter’s Fiver Forces Analysis of Global B2B E-commerce Market 43
Figure 12. Breakdown of Global B2B E-commerce Market by Business Model, 2019-2030, % of Revenue 48
Figure 13. Global Addressable Market Cap in 2022-2030 by Business Model, Value ($ bn) and Share (%) 48
Figure 14. Global B2B E-commerce Market by Business Model: Supplier Oriented E-commerce, 2019-2030, $ bn 49
Figure 15. Model Analysis of Supplier-Oriented Marketplace 50
Figure 16. Global B2B E-commerce Market by Business Model: Buyer Oriented E-Commerce, 2019-2030, $ bn 51
Figure 17. Model Analysis of Buyer-Oriented Marketplace 52
Figure 18. Global B2B E-commerce Market by Business Model: Intermediary Oriented E-commerce, 2019-2030, $ bn 53
Figure 19. Model Analysis of Intermediary-Oriented Marketplace 54
Figure 20. Breakdown of Global B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical, 2019-2030, % of Sales Revenue 56
Figure 21. Global Addressable Market Cap in 2022-2030 by Industry Vertical, Value ($ bn) and Share (%) 56
Figure 22. Global B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical: Consumer Electronics, 2019-2030, $ bn 57
Figure 23. Global B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical: Apparels and Footwear, 2019-2030, $ bn 58
Figure 24. Global B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical: General Industrial Goods, 2019-2030, $ bn 59
Figure 25. Global B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical: Healthcare, 2019-2030, $ bn 60
Figure 26. Global B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical: Home Appliances and Furniture, 2019-2030, $ bn 61
Figure 27. Global B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical: Beauty and Fashion, 2019-2030, $ bn 62
Figure 28. Global B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical: Automotive Parts, 2019-2030, $ bn 63
Figure 29. Global B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical: Other Industry Verticals, 2019-2030, $ bn 64
Figure 30. Breakdown of Global B2B E-commerce Market by Payment Method, 2019-2030, % of Sales Revenue 66
Figure 31. Global Addressable Market Cap in 2022-2030 by Payment Method, Value ($ bn) and Share (%) 66
Figure 32. Global B2B E-commerce Market by Payment Method: Net Banking, 2019-2030, $ bn 67
Figure 33. Global B2B E-commerce Market by Payment Method: Credit Card, 2019-2030, $ bn 68
Figure 34. Global B2B E-commerce Market by Payment Method: Debit Card, 2019-2030, $ bn 69
Figure 35. Global B2B E-commerce Market by Payment Method: e-Wallet, 2019-2030, $ bn 70
Figure 36. Global B2B E-commerce Market by Payment Method: Other Payment Methods, 2019-2030, $ bn 71
Figure 37. Breakdown of Global B2B E-commerce Market by Platform Type, 2019-2030, % of Revenue 73
Figure 38. Global Addressable Market Cap in 2022-2030 by Platform Type, Value ($ bn) and Share (%) 73
Figure 39. Global B2B E-commerce Market by Platform Type: On-Premise B2B, 2019-2030, $ bn 74
Figure 40. Global B2B E-commerce Market by Platform Type: Cloud B2B, 2019-2030, $ bn 75
Figure 41. Breakdown of Global B2B E-commerce Market by Enterprise Size, 2019-2030, % of Revenue 77
Figure 42. Global Addressable Market Cap in 2022-2030 by Enterprise Size, Value ($ bn) and Share (%) 77
Figure 43. Global B2B E-commerce Market by Enterprise Size: Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs), 2019-2030, $ bn 78
Figure 44. Global B2B E-commerce Market by Enterprise Size: Large Enterprises, 2019-2030, $ bn 79
Figure 45. Global Market Snapshot by Region 80
Figure 46. Geographic Spread of Worldwide B2B E-commerce Market, 2019-2030, % of Sales Revenue 81
Figure 47. Global Addressable Market Cap in 2022-2030 by Region, Value ($ bn) and Share (%) 82
Figure 48. North American B2B E-commerce Market, 2019-2030, $ bn 85
Figure 49. Breakdown of North America B2B E-commerce Market by Country, 2021 and 2030, % of Revenue 86
Figure 50. Contribution to North America 2022-2030 Cumulative Revenue by Country, Value ($ bn) and Share (%) 87
Figure 51. U.S. B2B E-commerce Market, 2019-2030, $ bn 89
Figure 52. Canada B2B E-commerce Market, 2019-2030, $ bn 92
Figure 53. B2B E-commerce Market in Mexico, 2019-2030, $ bn 94
Figure 54. European B2B E-commerce Market, 2019-2030, $ bn 97
Figure 55. Breakdown of European B2B E-commerce Market by Country, 2021 and 2030, % of Revenue 98
Figure 56. Contribution to Europe 2022-2030 Cumulative Revenue by Country, Value ($ bn) and Share (%) 99
Figure 57. B2B E-commerce Market in Germany, 2019-2030, $ bn 100
Figure 58. B2B E-commerce Market in UK, 2019-2030, $ bn 102
Figure 59. B2B E-commerce Market in France, 2019-2030, $ bn 104
Figure 60. B2B E-commerce Market in Spain, 2019-2030, $ bn 106
Figure 61. B2B E-commerce Market in Italy, 2019-2030, $ bn 108
Figure 62. B2B E-commerce Market in Russia, 2019-2030, $ bn 110
Figure 63. B2B E-commerce Market in Rest of Europe, 2019-2030, $ bn 112
Figure 64. Asia-Pacific B2B E-commerce Market, 2019-2030, $ bn 115
Figure 65. Breakdown of APAC B2B E-commerce Market by Country, 2021 and 2030, % of Revenue 115
Figure 66. Contribution to APAC 2022-2030 Cumulative Revenue by Country, Value ($ bn) and Share (%) 117
Figure 67. B2B E-commerce Market in Japan, 2019-2030, $ bn 119
Figure 68. B2B E-commerce Market in China, 2019-2030, $ bn 121
Figure 69. B2B E-commerce Market in Australia, 2019-2030, $ bn 123
Figure 70. B2B E-commerce Market in India, 2019-2030, $ bn 125
Figure 71. B2B E-commerce Market in South Korea, 2019-2030, $ bn 127
Figure 72. B2B E-commerce Market in Rest of APAC, 2019-2030, $ bn 129
Figure 73. South America B2B E-commerce Market, 2019-2030, $ bn 132
Figure 74. Breakdown of South America B2B E-commerce Market by Country, 2021 and 2030, % of Revenue 132
Figure 75. Contribution to South America 2022-2030 Cumulative Revenue by Country, Value ($ bn) and Share (%) 133
Figure 76. B2B E-commerce Market in Argentina, 2019-2030, $ bn 134
Figure 77. B2B E-commerce Market in Brazil, 2019-2030, $ bn 136
Figure 78. B2B E-commerce Market in Chile, 2019-2030, $ bn 138
Figure 79. B2B E-commerce Market in Rest of South America, 2019-2030, $ bn 140
Figure 80. B2B E-commerce Market in Middle East and Africa (MEA), 2019-2030, $ bn 142
Figure 81. Breakdown of MEA B2B E-commerce Market by Country, 2021 and 2030, % of Revenue 142
Figure 82. Contribution to MEA 2022-2030 Cumulative Revenue by Country, Value ($ bn) and Share (%) 143
Figure 83. B2B E-commerce Market in UAE, 2019-2030, $ bn 144
Figure 84. B2B E-commerce Market in Saudi Arabia, 2019-2030, $ bn 146
Figure 85. B2B E-commerce Market in South Africa, 2019-2030, $ bn 148
Figure 86. Growth Stage of Global B2B E-commerce Industry over the Forecast Period 151
List of Tables:
Table 1. Snapshot of Global B2B E-commerce Market in Balanced Perspective, 2021-2030 20
Table 2. World Economic Outlook, 2021-2031 25
Table 3. World Economic Outlook, 2021-2023 27
Table 4. Scenarios for Economic Impact of Ukraine Crisis 32
Table 5. Main Product Trends and Market Opportunities in Global B2B E-commerce Market 39
Table 6. Global B2B E-commerce Market by Business Model, 2019-2030, $ bn 47
Table 7. Global B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical, 2019-2030, $ bn 55
Table 8. Global B2B E-commerce Market by Payment Method, 2019-2030, $ bn 65
Table 9. Global B2B E-commerce Market by Platform Type, 2019-2030, $ bn 72
Table 10. Global B2B E-commerce Market by Enterprise Size, 2019-2030, $ bn 76
Table 11. Global B2B E-commerce Market by Region, 2019-2030, $ bn 81
Table 12. Leading National B2B E-commerce Market, 2021 and 2030, $ bn 83
Table 13. North America B2B E-commerce Market by Country, 2019-2030, $ bn 86
Table 14. U.S. B2B E-commerce Market by Business Model, 2019-2030, $ bn 90
Table 15. U.S. B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical, 2019-2030, $ bn 90
Table 16. U.S. B2B E-commerce Market by Enterprise Size, 2019-2030, $ bn 90
Table 17. Canada B2B E-commerce Market by Business Model, 2019-2030, $ bn 93
Table 18. Canada B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical, 2019-2030, $ bn 93
Table 19. Canada B2B E-commerce Market by Enterprise Size, 2019-2030, $ bn 93
Table 20. Mexico B2B E-commerce Market by Business Model, 2019-2030, $ bn 95
Table 21. Mexico B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical, 2019-2030, $ bn 95
Table 22. Mexico B2B E-commerce Market by Enterprise Size, 2019-2030, $ bn 95
Table 23. Europe B2B E-commerce Market by Country, 2019-2030, $ bn 99
Table 24. Germany B2B E-commerce Market by Business Model, 2019-2030, $ bn 101
Table 25. Germany B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical, 2019-2030, $ bn 101
Table 26. Germany B2B E-commerce Market by Enterprise Size, 2019-2030, $ bn 101
Table 27. UK B2B E-commerce Market by Business Model, 2019-2030, $ bn 103
Table 28. UK B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical, 2019-2030, $ bn 103
Table 29. UK B2B E-commerce Market by Enterprise Size, 2019-2030, $ bn 103
Table 30. France B2B E-commerce Market by Business Model, 2019-2030, $ bn 105
Table 31. France B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical, 2019-2030, $ bn 105
Table 32. France B2B E-commerce Market by Enterprise Size, 2019-2030, $ bn 105
Table 33. Spain B2B E-commerce Market by Business Model, 2019-2030, $ bn 107
Table 34. Spain B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical, 2019-2030, $ bn 107
Table 35. Spain B2B E-commerce Market by Enterprise Size, 2019-2030, $ bn 107
Table 36. Italy B2B E-commerce Market by Business Model, 2019-2030, $ bn 109
Table 37. Italy B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical, 2019-2030, $ bn 109
Table 38. Italy B2B E-commerce Market by Enterprise Size, 2019-2030, $ bn 109
Table 39. Russia B2B E-commerce Market by Business Model, 2019-2030, $ bn 111
Table 40. Russia B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical, 2019-2030, $ bn 111
Table 41. Russia B2B E-commerce Market by Enterprise Size, 2019-2030, $ bn 111
Table 42. B2B E-commerce Market in Rest of Europe by Country, 2019-2030, $ bn 113
Table 43. APAC B2B E-commerce Market by Country, 2019-2030, $ bn 116
Table 44. Japan B2B E-commerce Market by Business Model, 2019-2030, $ bn 120
Table 45. Japan B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical, 2019-2030, $ bn 120
Table 46. Japan B2B E-commerce Market by Enterprise Size, 2019-2030, $ bn 120
Table 47. China B2B E-commerce Market by Business Model, 2019-2030, $ bn 122
Table 48. China B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical, 2019-2030, $ bn 122
Table 49. China B2B E-commerce Market by Enterprise Size, 2019-2030, $ bn 122
Table 50. Australia B2B E-commerce Market by Business Model, 2019-2030, $ bn 124
Table 51. Australia B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical, 2019-2030, $ bn 124
Table 52. Australia B2B E-commerce Market by Enterprise Size, 2019-2030, $ bn 124
Table 53. India B2B E-commerce Market by C Business Model, 2019-2030, $ bn 126
Table 54. India B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical, 2019-2030, $ bn 126
Table 55. India B2B E-commerce Market by Enterprise Size, 2019-2030, $ bn 126
Table 56. South Korea B2B E-commerce Market by Business Model, 2019-2030, $ bn 128
Table 57. South Korea B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical, 2019-2030, $ bn 128
Table 58. South Korea B2B E-commerce Market by Enterprise Size, 2019-2030, $ bn 128
Table 59. B2B E-commerce Market in Rest of APAC by Country, 2019-2030, $ bn 130
Table 60. South America B2B E-commerce Market by Country, 2019-2030, $ bn 133
Table 61. Argentina B2B E-commerce Market by Business Model, 2019-2030, $ bn 135
Table 62. Argentina B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical, 2019-2030, $ bn 135
Table 63. Argentina B2B E-commerce Market by Enterprise Size, 2019-2030, $ bn 135
Table 64. Brazil B2B E-commerce Market by Business Model, 2019-2030, $ bn 137
Table 65. Brazil B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical, 2019-2030, $ bn 137
Table 66. Brazil B2B E-commerce Market by Enterprise Size, 2019-2030, $ bn 137
Table 67. Chile B2B E-commerce Market by Business Model, 2019-2030, $ bn 139
Table 68. Chile B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical, 2019-2030, $ bn 139
Table 69. Chile B2B E-commerce Market by Enterprise Size, 2019-2030, $ bn 139
Table 70. MEA B2B E-commerce Market by Country, 2019-2030, $ bn 143
Table 71. UAE B2B E-commerce Market by Business Model, 2019-2030, $ bn 145
Table 72. UAE B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical, 2019-2030, $ bn 145
Table 73. UAE B2B E-commerce Market by Enterprise Size, 2019-2030, $ bn 145
Table 74. Saudi Arabia B2B E-commerce Market by Business Model, 2019-2030, $ bn 147
Table 75. Saudi Arabia B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical, 2019-2030, $ bn 147
Table 76. Saudi Arabia B2B E-commerce Market by Enterprise Size, 2019-2030, $ bn 147
Table 77. South Africa B2B E-commerce Market by Business Model, 2019-2030, $ bn 149
Table 78. South Africa B2B E-commerce Market by Industry Vertical, 2019-2030, $ bn 149
Table 79. South Africa B2B E-commerce Market by Enterprise Size, 2019-2030, $ bn 149
Table 80. Alibaba Group Holding Ltd: Company Snapshot 155
Table 81. Alibaba Group Holding Ltd: Business Segmentation 156
Table 82. Alibaba Group Holding Ltd: Product Portfolio 156
Table 83. Amazon: Company Snapshot 157
Table 84. Amazon: Business Segmentation 157
Table 85. Amazon: Product Portfolio 159
Table 86. Amazon: Recent Developments 160
Table 87. B2W Companhia Digital: Company Snapshot 161
Table 88. B2W Companhia Digital: Recent Developments 162
Table 89. ChinaAseanTrade: Company Snapshot 163
Table 90. DIYTrade: Company Snapshot 164
Table 91. eBay Inc: Company Snapshot 165
Table 92. eBay Inc: Product Portfolio 166
Table 93. eBay Inc: Recent Developments 167
Table 94. EC21 Inc: Company Snapshot 168
Table 95. EC21 Inc: Business Segmentation 169
Table 96. eworldtrade.com: Company Snapshot 170
Table 97. Flipkart Online Services Pvt. Ltd.: Company Snapshot 172
Table 98. Flipkart Online Services Pvt. Ltd.: Recent Developments 173
Table 99. IndiaMart InterMesh Ltd.: Company Snapshot 174
Table 100. JD.com: Company Snapshot 176
Table 101. JD.com: Product Portfolio 177
Table 102. KellySearch.com: Company Snapshot 178
Table 103. KOMPASS: Company Snapshot 179
Table 104. Magento Inc: Company Snapshot 180
Table 105. Mercateo AG: Company Snapshot 183
Table 106. Newegg Business Inc: Company Snapshot 184
Table 107. PT Bhinneka Mentari Dimensi: Company Snapshot 186
Table 108. ThomasNet Inc: Company Snapshot 187
Table 109. Walmart Inc.: Company Snapshot 189
Table 110. Walmart Inc.: Product Portfolio 190
Table 111. Risk Evaluation for Investing in Global Market, 2021-2030 192
Table 112. Critical Success Factors and Key Takeaways 195
Safe and Secure SSl Encryption
Licensing options
3300
USD
You can select one of these options upon checking out
Allows one individual to access the purchased report
Allows up to five individuals to access the purchased report
Allows all employees of an organization to access the purchased report. Internal sharing only
Allows all employees of an organization to access the purchased report. It also permits the use of up to 4 paragraphs or 1 page of the report externally in whitepapers, press releases, and marketing collateral
North America: +1 201 793 8545 Europe: +44 20 8089 0049 Asia-Pacific: +91 7878231309
Email us on:- sales@bonafideresearch.com
Order Placed (29 January, 2023)
Notify To Team (29 January, 2023)
Report updation (30 January, 2023)
Report Quality Check (30 January, 2023)
Report Dispatch (31 January, 2023)
Hard Copy
Our analysts and industry experts will work directly with you to understand your requirements and provide you with customized data in a short amount of time.
We offer $1000 worth of FREE customization at the time of purchase
80% of the clinet request tailor made solution, how can we help you?
Avail customized purchase options to meet your exact research needs:
READY TO MIX MARKET HAS HELPED US TO UNDERSTAND PRODUCT, PRICE & VARIENTS OF ALL THE COMPETITION INCLUDING SMALL STARTUPS/REGIONAL PLAYERS.
CEO
Vivek Arora
BEING A STARTUP WE WERE NOT AWARE ABOUT E-COMMERCE LOGISTICS, THE REPORT HAS RESOLVED ALL OUR QUERIES. THE TEAM HAVE IN DEPTH KNOWLEDGE OF LOGISTICS. REMARKABLE!!
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
Rahul Roy
THE REPORT WAS GOOD FOR OUR STUDY, I WOULD STRONGLY RECOMMEND BONAFIDE RESEARCH. A VERY CUSTOMER CENTRIC AND APPROACHABLE TEAM.
SALES DIRECTOR
Arjun Prasad
THE COMPANY WHICH THOROUGHLY UNDERSTANDS INDIAN CONSUMER AND INDIAN MARKET. WE ARE REALLY HAPPY TO WORK WITH BONAFIDE RESEARCH
President
Manish Verma
Bonafide Research did an outstanding work on Global Hand Sanitizer project. It was indeed a comprehensive report that gave us revenue impacting solution enabling us to plan the right move.
MARKETING DIRECTOR
Gautam Saxena
The study done by Bonafide Research was customized with all our needs. We were extremely impressed by the simple but comprehensive presentation of the study and the quality of work done.
PRODUCT MANAGER
Tom Stone
I’m glad I decided to work with you. Thankful to the team for the amazing coordination, it was indeed a good experience, would definitely recommend and come back for future prospects.
Associate Director
Mark Wood
Global B2B E-commerce market will reach $ 47,772.6 billion by 2030, growing by 11.8% annually over 2021-2030, driven by enhancing efficiencies in large scale of business transactions, growing mobile devices and internet penetration, and advancing digital technology for commerce such as cloud, big data, and online payment. Highlighted with 112 tables and 86 figures, this 197-page report “Global B2B E-commerce Market 2021-2030 by Business Model, Industry Vertical, Payment Method, Platform Type, Enterprise Size, and Region: Trend Forecast and Growth Opportunity” is based on a comprehensive research of the entire global B2B E-commerce market and all its sub-segments through extensively detailed classifications. Profound analysis and assessment are generated from premium primary and secondary information sources with inputs derived from industry professionals across the value chain. The report is based on studies on 2019-2021 and provides forecast from 2022 till 2030 with 2021 as the base year. (Please note: The report will be updated before delivery so that the latest historical year is the base year and the forecast covers at least 5 years over the base year.) In-depth qualitative analyses include identification and investigation of the following aspects: • Market Structure • Growth Drivers • Restraints and Challenges • Emerging Product Trends & Market Opportunities • Porter’s Fiver Forces The trend and outlook of global market is forecast in optimistic, balanced, and conservative view by taking into account of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine conflict. The balanced (most likely) projection is used to quantify global B2B E-commerce market in every aspect of the classification from perspectives of Business Model, Industry Vertical, Payment Method, Platform Type, Enterprise Size, and Region. Based on Business Model, the global market is segmented into the following sub-markets with annual revenue ($ bn) for 2021-2030 included in each section. • Supplier Oriented E-commerce • Buyer Oriented E-Commerce • Intermediary Oriented E-commerce Based on Industry Vertical, the global market is segmented into the following sub-markets with annual revenue ($ bn) for 2021-2030 included in each section. • Consumer Electronics • Apparels and Footwear • General Industrial Goods • Healthcare • Home Appliances and Furniture • Beauty and Fashion • Automotive Parts • Other Industry Verticals By Payment Method, the global market is segmented into the following sub-markets with annual revenue ($ bn) for 2021-2030 included in each section. • Net Banking • Credit Card • Debit Card • e-Wallet • Other Payment Methods By Platform Type, the global market is segmented into the following sub-markets with annual revenue ($ bn) for 2021-2030 included in each section. • On-Premise B2B • Cloud B2B By Enterprise Size, the global market is segmented into the following sub-markets with annual revenue ($ bn) for 2021-2030 included in each section. • Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) • Large Enterprises Geographically, the following regions together with the listed national/local markets are fully investigated: • North America (U.S., Canada, and Mexico) • Europe (Germany, UK, France, Spain, Italy, Russia, Rest of Europe; Rest of Europe is further segmented into Netherlands, Switzerland, Poland, Sweden, Belgium, Austria, Ireland, Norway, Denmark, and Finland) • APAC (Japan, China, South Korea, Australia, India, and Rest of APAC; Rest of APAC is further segmented into Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, New Zealand, Vietnam, Taiwan, and Philippines) • South America (Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Rest of South America) • MEA (UAE?Saudi Arabia? South Africa and Rest of MEA) For each aforementioned region and country, detailed analysis and data for annual revenue ($ bn) are available for 2021-2030. The breakdown of all regional markets by country and split of each national market by Business Model, Industry Vertical and Enterprise Size over the forecast years are also included. The report also covers current competitive scenario and the predicted trend; and profiles key vendors including market leaders and important emerging players. Selected Key Players: Alibaba Group Holding Ltd Amazon.com, Inc. B2W Companhia Digital ChinaAseanTrade.com DIYTrade.com eBay Inc EC21 Inc eworldtrade.com Flipkart Online Services Pvt. Ltd. IndiaMart InterMesh Ltd JD.com KellySearch.com KOMPASS Magento Inc Mercateo AG Newegg Business Inc PT Bhinneka Mentari Dimensi ThomasNet Inc Walmart Inc. (Please note: The report will be updated before delivery so that the latest historical year is the base year and the forecast covers at least 5 years over the base year.)
Read More