Periods can be challenging, for some more than others. Despite the fact that menstruation is a near-universal female experience, many girls and women face harmful consequences. For centuries, menstruation has been treated as a source of shame, rather than as a normal, healthy part of women’s lives. Initiatives to make menstruation day matter are both welcome and overdue. Women have to reuse disposable sanitary pads after a sharp rise in prices, campaigners have warned, criticising the government of the crisis-hit countries for not including pads and tampons on a list of subsidised imports. Adding to the crisis, Corona-virus restrictions have also made it difficult for women to access sanitary pads as well as contraceptive pills and sex health services. Out of despair, some women pay with their bodies – exchanging sex for sanitary products. In Africa, they call this transactional sex, through which the girls can already fall pregnant or become infected with HIV as teenagers. They stuff sponges, rags, cotton, or even sand into their pants. However, this is unhygienic and can lead to infections. It can be estimated that 30% of girls in South Africa do not attend school while they are menstruating because they cannot afford sanitary products.
Period poverty is an overwhelming concept in rural Africa. They either don’t have access to menstrual products and WASH (water, sanitation and good hygiene) facilities, or in the rare scenarios where they do, they don’t have any way of disposing menstrual waste. Women in resource-poor parts of countries in the region, owing to lack of availability of adequate products, use old clothes, paper, cotton or wool pieces, and even leaves to manage their menstrual bleeding. This situation is worse for school girls. The poor water, sanitation and hygiene infrastructure, including disposal, makes it difficult for girls to manage their menstrual cycle subjecting them to anxiety and stress. To address the problem of unavailability, many sub-Saharan countries have launched initiatives to better market penetration of sanitary pads. Kenya is the flag bearer in subsidising commercial sanitary products for rural girls and removing value-added tax on menstrual hygiene products. For those who can afford and have access to adequate menstrual products, disposal remains a challenge. The disposal practices are often influenced by deeply embedded socio-cultural norms and taboos. Women often throw menstrual absorbents in deserted open areas or in latrines or with the routine waste disposal system. In Malawi, in the absence of any dustbins, women keep their used pads/clothes with them, under their bed.
Sanitary pads are the most widely used product, with increasing demand in urban and rural areas. Government initiatives promoting menstrual hygiene drive market growth. Supermarkets, pharmacies, and online platforms are the primary sales channels, ensuring broad availability Tampons are gaining popularity, particularly among the younger urban population. Online platforms, supermarkets, and pharmacies provide a growing range of options. Panty liners are commonly used for daily hygiene and light menstrual flow. There is increasing demand for eco-friendly options. Convenience stores, supermarkets, and online platforms are significant sales channels, catering to diverse consumer needs. The adoption of menstrual cups is rising, driven by environmental concerns and increasing awareness. Online platforms are the primary sales channel, supported by specialty stores and pharmacies offering detailed product information. Internal cleansers have a limited market due to health concerns. Disposable razors and blades are widely used for hair removal. Supermarkets, pharmacies, and online platforms dominate the sales channels, offering various brands and types. Disposable products like sanitary pads are the most widely used in the MEA region. Increasing demand in urban and rural areas is driven by government initiatives promoting menstrual hygiene. Consumers prefer these products for their convenience and availability.
Reusable products, including menstrual cups and cloth pads, are gaining traction, particularly in urban areas. Environmental awareness and cost-effectiveness are key drivers. Online platforms and specialty stores are significant sales channels for these products. These retail outlets are primary sales channels, offering a wide range of feminine hygiene products. They provide convenience and competitive pricing, attracting a broad customer base. Pharmacies are trusted sources for feminine hygiene products, offering a curated selection recommended by healthcare professionals. They provide assurance for consumers seeking quality and safety. Convenience stores cater to on-the-go consumers, providing quick access to essential feminine hygiene products. Their strategic locations and extended hours make them a popular choice for emergency purchases. The online sales channel is growing rapidly, offering the convenience of home delivery and a broader selection of products. Consumers can compare prices, read reviews, and access a variety of brands not available in physical stores. Specialty stores focus on specific product categories, offering a unique selection of feminine hygiene products. Hospitals and healthcare facilities provide these products as part of their patient care services, ensuring access to essential hygiene items.